Sabtu, 02 Oktober 2010

The Structural Analysis Of John Grisham'S Novel "The Pelican Brief"


CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.    Background
            Literature is an arts work that is very interesting to discuss it can be functioned as an entertainment and give us much information about life,  which we are not able to pass it through because of the limited time and movement we have.
Rene Wellek and Austin (1956:94), says :
“Literature is a social institution, using as its medium language, a social creation. The relation between literature and society is usually discussed by starting with the phrase, derived from De Bonalt, that literature is an expression of society.”

            Based on the explanation above that language is an instrument that indicated creation ability and imagination author for expression return a certain reality objective which have discovered from result life experience which expression through work literature as message to other people which relevant aspect human life.
            Some  of the very common activities of human beings is hearing and telling. All of us like to hear things. We like to hear stories, music and tell people about thing that happened the other people. The radio, movies and television are all ways increasing our experience to do things.

Abdul Halim (2003:2), says:
“Literature is simply another way we can experience the word around us through or imagination.”

            In short, it is said that the first is literature of knowledge, or informative literature, functioning to teach, and the second is literature of power or imaginative literature functioning to move.
            Literature seems to have an organic structure consisting of body and soul. The soul of literature is feelings, thought, and experience while the body of literature is experience by using good language so that will entertain its readers or audience.
Clara Reeve In Wellek and Warren (1987:282), explain about novel is:
“The novel is a picture of real life and manners, and of the time in which is written. The romance, in lofty and elevated language, described what never happened nor is likely to happened”

            Novel more point to reality which more high and psychology more deepened critic which analyze novel generally differentiated three elements of framer novel that are plot, characters and setting.
           Furthermore, each  literature especially for the novel has structure or intrinsic elements and all the elements has the relationship one another for build a beautiful story and could be unforgettable work in this century.
Rahmat Djoko Pradopo (1994)  said that :
“A literature work has a structure it means that the literature work is arranged of some elements that between the elements have mutual relation.”
“Structure includes not only organization but also unity. All the part connect and work together to the define and give form to the emotions and ideas expressed in the work. The most predominant unifying forces are the works, themes, emotions and intention which limit as well as propel movement.”

            Based on quotation above the writer wants to analyze one of the works of literature and title: “The Pelican Brief” by John Grisham through its elements mean try to appreciate the whole story.
           As we know that structural analysis has many aspects in it, namely: plot, characters, setting, theme, point of view, but in doing this analysis the writer just concentrates in inspecting to aspects: plot, characters, and setting.

B.     Statement of the Problem
           Based on the background above, then the writer tried to formulate the problem as follows:
“How do the characters, plot and setting play their respective roles in the novel”?

C.    Objective of the Research
            The objective of this research is to describe the respective roles of the characters, plot and setting in the novel.
D.    Significance of the Research
1.      The reader can get a lot of information regarding the life of people in the period of the time.
2.      It is expective to obtain valuable knowledge through the outcome that is described in the study.

E.     Scope of the Research
            Based on the title of this writing, the writer limits the scope of this research to the structural analysis of the novel. Therefore this study is focused on the major structural points the characters, plot and setting.

F.     Operational Definition
            To avoid doing mistaking in meaning in reading this thesis, especially understanding of this title or understanding  terms in structural title of novel analysis “the pelican brief” by John Grisham, the writer gives operational definition as follows :
“in fourth volume of Indonesia encyclopedia book “Novel is literature type between short story and romance, with simple story, a little characters and centered as entirety that stronger than romance, but more dramatic than short story”.
Analysis:
-         Detailed examination acsertaing of elements or structure of sentence.
-         The division of a physical or abstract whole into its antituent parts to examine or determine their relationship.
Aminuddin opinion in line with the idea from Teeuw that the theory of structuralism assumed that literary works is a structure that constructed from some parts. In addition, structural known the transformation between parts and self regulation.














CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
           First of all the writer would like to illustrate the theory that  will be used in analyzing the novel. The using of  descriptive analysis technique with the structural approach based on that literary works that constructed from some componens some aspects that build up a structure.

A.    Definition
1.      Definition of Structural Analysis
           In getting detail illustration about the concept of structural approach some opinions from some experts can be illustrated as follows:
           Teeuw in Aminuddin (1987:48), states that the theory of structuralism assumed that literary works is a structure that is constructed from some part. All of component will be related each other and has mutual dependence each other. In addition, structural known the transformation between parts and self regulation. While structure does not need some aspect that divided outside in preserving its transformation procedure.

In relation to this structural approach, Semy (1985:65), says that literary works as viewed creative masterpiece of free creation its meaning free from the other, dissimilar elements outside itself masterpiece, if we wish to analyze a the literary works, like this plot, theme, character, setting, and background.

            Basically, Russian were well on their way to becoming structuralist when their movement was through to an by the soviet authorities in the 1920s. scientific a impulse was carried further in the middle of the twenty century by a group of thinkers called structuralism. Some of them were influenced by Roman Jacobson, one of the original Russian formalist.
            After explaining some opinions from expert about the structural theory it can be said that every unit from a system only has the meaning if one unit and another unit has a relationship. It is necessary to know that in analyzing the literary to know that in analyzing works particularly a novel.

2.      Definition of Novel
            Novel term such as those which are in congeniality which is often used in works literary and America has started to be wearied gradually.
Randolf gives definition about novel is an epistolary novel market by sentimentally and intrigue. Neals description of another of this novel in the course of this fiction very nearly.
            The above definition gives description that novel is marked expressively and intrigue.
In the dictionary: novel is a fictions prose narrative of considerable length and complexity, portraying characters and presenting a sequential organization of action and scenes.
            From definition above we can conclude  that novel is a fiction prose narrative where its story long and complexity and considerably where introducing altogether.
            Novel is a form of literary work, which tells about life, especially human life. Clara Reeve as quoted by Rene Wellek and Austin Warren (1987:282), defines:
“The novel is a picture of real life and manners, and of the time in which it is written. The romance, in lofty and elevated language, described what never happened nor is likely to happen”.

            The above definition gives description that novel is a story that tells about human real life or expresses about person’s feeling and describe fact live about time where writer describe what never happen nor is likely to happen.
            Novel is formed by two mayor aspects, namely intrinsic and extrinsic aspect. The intrinsic aspects are plot, theme, setting, character, language style, and point of view. The extrinsic aspect of novel is not concerned with in this study.
Clara Revee defined novel as quoted by X.J. Kennedy & Dana Gioia (1991:264),  that:
“Novel is a picture of real life and manners, and of the time in which it was written.” Kennedy and Dana Gioia also say: A novel is a booklenght story in prose, whose author tries to create the sense that while we read, we experience actual life.”

           Based on some definitions above, the writer can draw a conclusion about novel that is a work of art which contains are taken from the daily human life experience or from imagination of the author.

3.      Definition of Plot
            A story as a narrative of events arranged in their time-sequence. A plot is also a narrative of events, the emphasis falling on causality.
           This definition gives description about the plot that plot is a narrative event where its emphasis be falling relation causality here how a plot where there is cause of the happening of a story and will generate also a effect of where interaction another.
Reaske (1966:35),  gives the definition about plot as follows:
Plot is the central aspect of all drama, for drama is primary concerned with happen. Plot is basically another term for structure, he different being that we discuss, plot more and less are committed to the discussion everything that happen in the play.

           From the above explanation, it’s clear that plot is the main aspect in the novel. Plot explains about what will happen so it will guide us to study and explain the whole events and causality.
           According the idea of Semi and Atar in their book: “apresiasi Kesusastraan” (1988:43),  states that the definition of plot is as follows:
Plot is the way of passing the event happening which become the behavior pattern series that attempts to overcome the conflict that exist in the story.

           The above definition gives the description that the author or the story writer can arrange the plots which are written in the varied way. There is the way called the straight plot or a flashback plot.
            The straight plot that is sometimes called the conventional plot because the author follows some aspect as the exposition, complication, crisis, falling action, resolution (denouement). Denouement is the conclusion that is drawn subjectively by the reader of the novel.
           James H Pickering and Jeffrey D. Hooper: the plot of the traditional story is often conceived of as moving through five distinct sections or stages, which can be diagrammed roughly as follows:
                           
3. Crisis
2. Complication                             4. Falling action



1. Exposition                                                  5. Resolution (denouement)

           Exposition is the beginning section in which the author provides the necessary background information, sets the scene, establisher, the situation and dates the action complication.
          The complication, which is sometimes referred to as the rising action, breaks the existing equilibrium and introduces the character and the under lying or inciting conflict (if they have not already been introduced by the exposition) the conflict is then developed gradually and intensified.
           The crisis (also referred to as the climax) is that moment at which the plot reaches its point of greatest emotional intensity; it is the turning point of the plot, directly precipitating its resolution.
            Falling action is once the crisis, or turning point has been reached, the tension subsides and the plot moves toward its appointed conclusion.
            Resolution is the final section of the plot is its resolution, it records the outcome of the conflict and established some new equilibrium or stability (how ever tentative and momentary). The resolution is also referred to as the conclusion or the denouement, the letter French word meaning “unknotting” or “untying”.

4.      Definition of Character
            Character is important component in a story, if character there is no difficult classify the masterpiece in works literary. Every figure have character which different each other. Character is an important aspect in a fictional work because through character the story can be written or can be constructed.
            According the idea of Thomas Mc Langhlin in his book Literature the Power Of Language (1989:375), : states that the definition of a character as follows:
Character is the term for the people in fiction, the heroes and villains, allies and enemies, love interest and comic relief.

Character are the human element in the story, they appeal to our curiosity and our sympathy.

            The above definition gives description that is term for people in fiction, the heroes are especial character or central character from a story and character represent the all important element in fiction of because without character there is no plot mean there is no story, we can know every character which different each other owned in a story.
            Most of people unfamiliar to them in life, again, they may come to know even familiar kinds of character more ultimately in books than they do in actually, knowing of people interest in human nature, and fascinated themselves.
            The character is his qualities his likes and dislikes how he lives and what he does. The sum total of such traits is the character. Characterization is the technique used by the writer to make these qualities known
            In some works, a character may offer signs of the progress and the completion of narrative pattern.
John C. Gerber (1948:68),  explain about a character score of novelty in an unchanged scene may be a change in the character himself and a character is sense of change in a scene which remains the same, in another narrative, may show a shift in thought and feeling. The above definition gives description that character that is a change in view of itself character in a narrative and character also show a fiction means character which different each other.
            From explanation above the writer can draw a conclusion about character that is in story, figure of vital importence assorted and each character, every character that owned it different. Each other and present figure as perpetrator in a story.
           Thomas Laconia (1991:51), says :
“Character consists of operative values in action. We progress in our character as a value become virtue, a reliable inner disposition to respond to situations in a morally good way”.
            The above definition gives description that character is consist of the values in fact, character as value to become the kindliness where character a disposition in it reliably to do everything to situation go the good road or morally.
            In the dictionary character is the aggregate of features and traits that form the apparent individual nature of some person or thing.
             The definition above gives description that character is become characteristic pattern where can form the real and nature individual in some cases.
5.      Definition of Setting
            In a story of vital importance because setting is a place and time where a story happened and generally setting is a place and a time where the story happens. Setting can be described as the space which can be observed as the day, date, year, season, period as the day.
            Kennedy tries to define, by the setting of a story we mean its time and place. The word remained you of the metal that holds a diamond a ring, or of a set used in a play-perhaps a tare chair in front of a slab of painted canvas.
            Based on above explanation gives description that setting as place and time where that story happened, setting can help the reader to be easier to understand the event that happened in a story and matching with time and occurrence place so that generate the impression that the story really happened.
           According the idea of John C. Gertor (1948:70), in his book “literature”:
            The setting includes the details of a background set forth in the narrative, the drama or the poem. Such details may be presented at length or briefly.
            From the quotation above it proved that setting includes the details of background means that location, social, culture, and event figure mood.
            According to Dick Hartoko (1976:80), in his book that setting is location in space and time like this happened with the important dramatic or narrative work to create the atmosphere in scene and also to compile the opposition theme.
            Based on some definition about explanation above the writer can draw a conclusion about setting is a place and time where a story happened.

B.  SYNOPSIS
      ”The Pelican Brief” by John Grisham is an exciting novel with an amazing plot. It begins by introducing the character Khamel, a crazed killer who is paid to murder two Supreme Court Justices, named Rosenberg and Jansen, both who have received many death threats but refuse to let the FBI protect them.
       In New Orleans at Tulane University, Darby Shaw, an attractive second year law student, was trying to sove the mystery behind the killings. Darby had a thirteen page brief on who she thought killed the justices. The brief was passed on to many people and it finally came to the president, who after reading the report became very scared. The FBI wanted to pursue the lead, but after a phone call from the president that told them to back off it, they decided to look at other suspects.
      In the meantime, reporter Gray Grantham received a call in the middle of the night from “Gracia” who said that he might know something about the case.
      Darby was on a date with her lover/ professor when he got a little too drunk to drive. Darby insisted that she drive or walk, and to her surprise, he told her to walk. When the professor got into hs car and started the engine, the car exploded, killing him on the spot. Darby called a friend of the professor, Gavin and told him what happened because he was the first to see the brief which was later named “The Pelican Brief”.
      Through all of this chaos, Darby managed to stay alive and found time to meet Gray Grantham in Washington D.C. He learned her entire story and in order to confirm it all, they had to find Garcia. They knew that he was a lawyer at a small firm in Washington D.C., so they asked the many interns there if they recognized a picture of him. One out of seven did, so they go to meet him. To their surprise, Garcia was mugged and killed on the streets.
      “The Pelican Brief” is a wonderful book that contains a variety of characters and twists that I think everyone should read. This book has just about every element that makes up a good book; suspense, mystery, murder, law, and love all put together in a perfect mixture that will make your head spin.



















CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY OF THE RESEARCH

           This chapter discusses the research method, procedure of data collection and technique of data analysis.

A.    Method
            In the research, the writer use descriptive method. Descriptive analytical method of analytic is conducted by describing fact and then analyzing them. Etymologically, description and analysis mean uncovering.

B.     Procedure of Data Collection
           The following procedures are uses to collect the data:
1.      In doing this research, the writer collected data in relation to this object of research. The data were taken from the text of the novel “The Pelican Brief” by John Grisham.
2.      Classifying intrinsic elements such as plot, characters and setting in the novel “The Pelican Brief” by John Grisham. The writer also collected the data from a number of books and other relevant materials from library.

C.     Technique of Data Analysis
            To analyze the data collected by using the structural approach, this is applied to analyze plot, character, and setting are part from intrinsic aspects in novel.
            Intrinsic approach, namely the approach that used in analyzing the literary work themselves as the main source. It explores the internal elements with a literary work this approach is also called structural approach.
            Structural analysis tries to find the contribution of all aspects of literary work in getting meaning, the elements are connective and supported each other for example novel is formed by some aspects they are plot, character, and setting.
            Relation among elements namely, character, plot, and setting could not be separated one from the others, because if one of them is nothing so the other elements is useless. When plot is not presented in the story surely character is not able to dramatize a story. Therefore plot is very important in a story especially to character. While, character in a literary work is one of important elements especially in act script. Because plot is done by character, without character in the novel or literary work plot and setting are useless to.


CHAPTER IV
NOVEL ANALYSIS

A.    Character
            After analyzing the novel “The Pelican Brief” by John Grisham, the author has to get the people who play an active role from the beginning until the end of the novel in it. Among them are the following:

1.      Abraham Rosenberg
           Abraham Rosenberg is a famous Chief Justice and became murder victims that were killed by Khamel in his house personally with three shooting times in his body part. He was one of the judges who was very influential around the judge's eight other members in the supreme court in America, so as he got the murder threat more of the eight judges. Everyone wanted his death.
            He was the person that most in hated. The quotation of the story remark as follow:
“Rosenberg’s death, by any means or method, would be a relief. No, it would be a glorious occasion. ”
“I’ve explained to him that he is probably the most hated man in America, that millions of people curse him every day, that most folks would like to see him dead, that he receives four times the hate mail as the rest of us combined, and that he would be a perfect and easy target for assassination. ”Pg.16.

2.      John Runyan
           John Runyan is one of the chief justices that really close to the president. He was the chairman of the Supreme Court when the disorder everywhere happening and various threat sorts and terrorism were aimed at the supreme court's office.
          He wanted very much the death of the judge Rosenberg. The following quotation in the story:
 “Rosenberg’s death, by any means or method, would be a relief. No, it would be a glorious occasion. ” (Pg. 16).
           He a conservative strong that was indicated by the president from the party of the Republic and was hated by the Indian group as well as the group minorities.

3.      K.o. lewis
           K. O. Lewis was a representative directure the FBI that was assigned to prepare his agency to head and protect respectively the chief justice's member from various murder threats but the chairman of the chief justice refused to do this matter.
Paid attention to by us the quotation along with this:
 “you mean, you plan to escort each justice each time he leaves the city?”
“Yes, chief. That’s our plan.”
“Won’t work. These people are not accustomed to being baby - set.” (Pg.14)

4.      Glenn Jansen
           Justice Jansen was one of the famous chief justices and he was killed in one of the cinemas, where normally the gays gather to see the pornographic film.   He was not interested to the woman, his attitude was neutral towards the religion, skeptic towards freedom of speech, was unconcerned about the tax protestor, did not refer to the Indian group, frightened to black people, hard towards pornography, soft against criminal and quite consistent in defending conservation of the environment.

5.       Thomas Callahan
            Thomas Callahan was a professor/the lecturer who was very famous in the Tulane university and was killed in a car explosion.
 “His name was Thomas Callahan. He’s the guy from Tulane who brough me the pelican brief, and it got passed around, then sent to the White House and who knows where else, and now he’s dead. Blown to bits by a car bomb last night in New Orleans. ” (Pg.211).
           He became murder casualties because he took brief that from Darby Shaw and gave him to Gavin and by Gavin gave to the FBI agency in the White House.
 “Callahan was her professor, among other things, and that he brought the brief here and gave it to his good friend Verheek. And now they’re dead and she’s on the run.”.(Pg. 410).
          He liked drunk same like the other male student. The time daily more in used to sleep, and then refreshed himself. The lecture in struck nine was the matter that most was hated by him. His age 45 years but his hair that was black and the spectacles.

6.      Darby Shaw
           Darby Shaw is a student of law level  two in the Tulane university. She wrote one document that was very frightening for the officials in the White House that afterwards was given by the name as pelican brief.
           The quotation of the story remark as follow:
“They’ve panicked over there. This little pelican thing has scared them. We’ve read too, you know, and we’re almost certain you gays are not impressed, at for some reason Coal is terrified of it and he’s got the president upset. ”(Pg. 179).
           From this quotation explained about the officials that is coal and his boss (the president) felt horrified with the existence document this. He wrote document this be based on on brilliant ideas and the estimate.
          This Document tried to say the perpetrator’s brain was overturned by the murder of two chief justices who were very famous in America that is the judge Rosenberg and the judge Jansen.  
            Because document that he wrote very dangerous then himself got various sorts of the murder threat.

7.      Luke
           Luke was a person pick up and the Khamel escort to Thirty-first street and M. Street, Georgetown to meet Edwin F. Sneller to receive information about the murder action that will be carried out by Khamel in the American earth. Beforehand Luke had met Khamel in Rome in a murder that was carried out by Khamel.
“And determined they had met before. It had been a brief but precisely timed meeting at the air port in Rome, five or six years earlier, as best he could remember. ” Pg. 40.

8.       Khamel
            Khamel was a cold-blooded paid assassin but also was known as a terrorist that was in hunted by several countries in the world. He had many names, the language, the killer who worked quickly without leaving the tracks, the conscientious killer and liked chose-chose as well as explored the world without once could in found.
“Luke had often heard of Khamel, a man of many names and faces and language, as assassin who struck quickly and left no tril, a fastidious killer who roamed the world but could never be found. “
“Explored the world without would ever be able to in found. ”(Pg.40).
           He who killed two chief justices who were famous in America and several other murders without leaving the tracks.

9.      Mr. Sneller
           Edwin F.Sneller was an information giver to Khamel to carry out the murder.
          The quotation of the story remarks as follow:
 “As of now it is correct. And no changes are expected today. Our people are in the streets. Everything is in the two briefcases; maps, diagrams, schedules, the tools and articles you requested.” (Pg 44).
          From this quotation above that Mr Sneller that gave information and still had again the big person behind all that namely the murder brain of the chief justice.

10. Sergeant Farguson
           Farguson an officer of the Supreme Court's police that really favorite by the judge Rosenberg. He that was allowed by Rosenberg to head and check each available room in the Rosenberg house. After finishing from his task he went and would again tonight and was on the alert outside the house together with two FBI agencies to the morning. The quotation of the story as follow:
“Each the night, struck 01 at dawn the sergeant Ferguson routinely contacted the FBI agencies that sat in the road.”
           He was killed when guarding and supervising the judge's house Rosenberg.

11. Fletcher Coal
          Fletcher Coal was a chief of staff in the White House. His age 37 years and he was the miraculous child from the president who in the last four years rescued the campaign that almost failed and placed his boss (the president) in the White House.
          Fletcher Coal had the characteristics that were full of deceit, a manipulator and the loyal supporter of the president who fought as hard as possible to penetrate the official's American circle. Many people gazed at him as the boss (the president) actual and made the subordinate's staffs feel horrified when hearing his name.
 “The chief of Staff routinely avoided these trips. He treasured the moments the president was out of the White House and he had the run of the place. But they needed to talk. ” Pg. 348.

12. Gray Grantham
           Gray Grantham is a reporter from Washington post. He tried to reveal the perpetrators towards the murder of two chief justices. He together with Darby Shaw to research him and tried to reveal the murder mystery for the sake of the murder that happened and checked the truth of the theory that in for by Darby Shaw

13. Gminsky
           Gminsky was a member CIA. He met the president in the White House to be able to involve the CIA in investigating the case of the death of two chief justices, Rosenberg and Jansen.
“In a moment he and Gminski would come here” Gminsky? ” “CIA must in involved also, at least for the time being. ”
          From this quotation explained that the CIA must in include to investigate the case death of Rosenberg and Jansen.

14. Denton Voyles
           Denton Voyles was a FBI director who took part in investigating the case of the murder of the judge Rosenberg and Jansen. He received brief that was very dangerous people in the White House that was sent by Gavin Verhek to afterwards in investigated by FBI.
          Denton Voyles afterwards dropped his member off to investigate brief but, he stopped carrying out investigation because of the pressure president.
 “F. Denton Voyles motivated his 14 agencies to dig and investigate the Pelican Brief”. Pg.206.
“President ask for  voyles to stop researched and ignored  pelican brief ”.Pg.207.

15.  Cleve
           Cleve was one of son's police from Sarge that always arranged and guarded meeting between Sarge and Gray Grantham.
           Paid attention to by us the quotation along with this:
“his son cleve, the police, arranged their meetings always to the odd place, in the dark place and not striking”.

16. Sarge
          Sarge was a cleanliness trade person in the White House. He worked patiently and most he was not paid attention to and heeded as a building cleaner who has been old, friendly and half of the defect. However he was the source of the news that was orderly without the defect and he only spoke to Grantham about all the discussions that were heard by him in the White House.
“Yes. The president and his subordinate were so happy heard the death news Justice Rosenberg. This made them very happy. Sarge words to Grantham. ” Pg 144
          From this quotation explained that Sarge was alone the source of the news for Gray about the murder of Justice Rosenberg was intercourse him with the president who was very happy with his death.

17. Gavin Verheek
           Gavin Verheek was a special legal adviser to Directur. He was the friend Callahan when going to class but also a person provided out from the practice of the switching law the work for the government. It was first that he in assigned in devise the right and civil the department of justice afterwards in the transfer to FBI. He was one of the murder casualties that showed brief that to the FBI member other so as to cause him to be killed.
”Gavin verheek was found died in a Hilton room the New Orleans hotel, with the queer condition ….member of the FBI still in darkness and could not say anything about the foundation an verhek was in New Orleans. Voyles very sad. The clever and loyal subordinate, et cetera. ” Pg.351.

18. Garcia
          Garcia was a lawyer, beforehand he was a mystery caller/dark that admitted to knowing about the murder against two chief justices. He contacted Gray Grantham after reading the contents of the news from Washington post that contained about this murder.
 “is this Gray Grantham from Washington Post? . ” “ya . With who? ” “…. I could not give my name. ” “I saw your story yesterday, about the White House and the chief justice's prospective members. ” “I  possibly knew about something about Rosenberg and Jansen. ” (P.158)
           From this quotation explained that Garcia was person lawyers that worked in the bureau of the law in white and blazevich the gas part and oil and knew about the Rosenberg death afterwards he want to informed to a reporter Washington post.
           And finally Garcia was found was killed because he wanted to help exposed this case.

19. Victore Mattiece
           Victor Mattiece was an owner of the very rich company of oil drilling. Therefore, he popular in support politicians and the bureaucrat. In developed companies him he bought the land of the land of oil drilling in Louisiana. However love he was seeing by the organization of the environmentalist that is Greened Fund. Mattiece did not run out of the mind by money many he could follow all the methods of winning the lawsuit.
Pay attention to his quotation along with this:
“Mattiece was finished patient. For weeks he finished together his lawyer to compile all the plans. How many of his fees would he dismiss to win the case. Do what could in work,.. the prayer house all regulation, ignore all the ethics, cutthroat whomever……, Pg.367

20. Jackson Fielman
           Jackson Feldman, the editor of the executive from Washington post and was the superior from Gray Grantham. He was very proud and happy to Gray because results of his investigation will about the perpetrators of the murder be contained in his daily. Fielman rubbed the eyes hard then gazed at Keen. “Wah,” finally he said. Gray smiled.
“You mean this the biggest news. I handed over the biggest story in twenty years to you, and you were like that enchanted until said, “Wah. ” Pg.389
           From this quotation explained that for twenty New Year this time they got the news that really shook America and the world.

21. Croft
           Croft was a person photographer that had wrought for the daily post for seven years and he was arrested to that his three times because of having medicines was banned and was incarcerated in the prison for nine months. After leaving his prison to an artist free-Lance and had many clients. Gray Grantham was one of his clients but also one of his friends the length when working in a Newspaper together. Croft received the task from gray to take the picture of a mystery caller who admitted to knowing the case of the Rosenberg murder and Jansen.
“Croft worked fully the spirit, then in his last seconds placed the Nikon camera in jok and shifted the view to the Pennsylvania road when the target through and disappeared in the middle of the party of his secretary. ” Pg.221

B.     PLOT
1.      Exposition
           Two illustrious of the chief justice who was very famous in America that is Abraham Rosenberg and Glenn Jansen. The two chief justices were murder victims that were killed by a paid assassin who was cold-blooded that is Khamel.
           Since 1980 the number of serious threats to the chief justice in the Supreme Court increased by tenfold times and the FBI suspected some groups such as Klux Klan, Arya, Nazi, Palestine, the black separatist, the opponent of the abortion, antihomoseksual that brought up these threats.
          To protect these chief justices from various murder threats, the FBI dropped his four agencies off to respectively the chief justice to head and protects them.
“The Directors thinks we should place four agents with each Justice, at least for the next ninety day. ”Pg 14
           Rosenberg was the judge who was most influential than the Supreme Court’s eight other members, so that he got the threat more.
“I’ve explained to him that he is probably the most hated in America, that millions of people curse him every day, that most folk would like to see him dead, that he receives four times the hate mail as the rest of us combined, and that he would be a perfect and easy target for assassination. ” Pg 16
         Although Abraham Rosenberg got various threats but he refused the FBI to guard him and entered into his house.
“He still refuses to allow our men inside his home; makes them sit in a car in the street all night. ” Pg.15
           It is another matter with the judge Jansen, he allowed the FBI agencies to guard him arrived home him then played tag with them. The building apartment Jansen had the entrance of ten so as the FBI had difficulty knowing the Jansen existence whether he was in his apartment or not. The FBI only in the exterior not in let entered his apartment.
“He’s worse than Rosenberg. He allows us to escort him to his apartment building, and then makes us sit in the parking lot all night. ” Pg. 14.
          In the meantime Khamel on the Monday at midnight was waiting for Luke in the quay. Afterwards they departed by the stolen car from Baton Rouge with the Durham plate through bridge Montero headed towards Thirty-first street and M. street Georgetown to meet Mr. Sneller to get information concerning the action that will be carried out by them.
 “Until now his information is true. And today was not possible to have the change. ” (Pg. 44).
“Everything was in the suitcase: the map, the diagram, the schedule, equipment and things that you asked. ” Pg. 44
           Only in one night of the two judges who became the target could be carried well out by Khamel without to leave the tracks except his casualties. Rosenberg was killed in his house together with Frederick one of his nurses and Farguson his guard from the Supreme Court's police.
“Khamel very fast swung the hands to the Rosenberg head that was pale and wrinkled, and pumped three items of bullets inside. ” Pg.51
            Whereas Jansen was killed was killed in a cinema in the Montrose Theatre Balcony where the gays gathered to watch the pornographic film.
“Khamel entrap the exact rope under his throat starting point so as the Jansen head be thrown down behind the seat. ” Pg. 56

2.      Complication
           Darby Shaw was the student of the level law of two Tulane universities wrote a document. This Document contained the theory was overturned by the murder of two chief justices that is Justice Rosenberg and Justice Jansen. Darby wrote the document be based on the brilliant assumption and his estimate. The document was afterwards acknowledged as Pelican Brief.
“Three day was lavished by me to trace him. I in fact wrote him with very good and neat in my small Computer and printed the concept of the foundation one brief that now already was thrown away by me. ” Pg. 134
         Thomas Callahan a Professor in the Tulane University and the sweetheart Darby Shaw took Pelican Brief from Darby
          From Callahan afterwards brief that in gave to Gavin Verheek one of the best friends him when still to class in the university and the same faculty.
“Callahan grope in the pocket of his coat and issued the thick envelope. In lie him the envelope in table….. ”
“Read this if you have time”.
“What’s this? ”
“This is a kind brief, the short report. ” Pg. 155
           Gavin Verheek was a FBI legal adviser and he showed brief that to the FBI member other and finally arrives in the hands that were wrong in the White House. And Pelican Brief made the officials in White House felt frightened of document this.
“They was panic there. Pelican Brief made them the fear. We also read him, you know. and we almost were sure that you were not interested, for reasons of certain Fletcher Coal felt horrified by him, and he made the president confused. ” Pg. 179
          The existence pelican brief that on the Callahan hands and afterwards to the Verheek hands made them receive the murder threat. So as to because the two friendly people to be killed because knew pelican brief this that tried to help Darby to investigate the truth in pelican brief. The murder for the sake of the murder increasingly the day increased with the attendance pelican Brief.

3.      Klimax
          Darby Shaw telephoned Gavin Verheek to ask for came back and the clarity about the Pelican Brief existence now. He wanted to take him to know whether having his relations with Professor's death of Thomas Callahan that at the same time as his sweetheart.
 “are you read the small theory that I wrote. ”
“Ah, yes. Pelican Brief such was we mentioned him. ”
“Gavin. Where brief that now? ”
“Ah, I read him, then was sent by me to the other point of view, and brief that in saw by several insiders the Bureau, then was shown to Directur Voyles, that liked him. ” Pg 196
          From the above analysis explained that Darby Shaw wanted came back brief that once he wrote and he heeded. This Brief has been on the Verhek hands, Darby asked to him but document this has been to the wrong person. Someone who was very angry with Darby because of his involvement in pelican brief this. He was Victor mattiece that a businessman and very rich gas of oil drilling.
 “Aright I believed to you. But how with the people? This was heavy Gavin. My small report made someone angry extraordinary, not very? ” Pg. 199.
           Darby afterwards contacted a reporter from Washington Post that is Gray Grantham. Darby contacted him and informed about Pelican Brief that he that wrote him. And Grantham was an ambitious reporter who had contained and investigated the death of two famous chief justices.
 “Ever you heard about Pelican brief that. ” “Pelican Brief?
 Not. What? ”
“The theory without the intention anything about whoever killed them. Brief was supervised to Washington last week by the man named Thomas Callahan and gave to the best friend. ”  (P. 264)
          Investigation was continually carried out by them to revel  the suspect in this case. Grantham looked for Garcia that admitted to seeing something about the case of the murder. Darby Shaw and Gray Grantham tried to look for Garcia and to contact several students that once the apprentice in a bureau of the place law worked Garcia.
          Finally Darby and Grantham found a note that could strengthen the truth in Pelican Brief. And Victor mattiece was the suspect in this case that last year contributed his money for one of the president's campaigns.


4.      Falling Action
          Darby Shaw very sad with the death of his sweetheart that is Thomas Callahan. He a famous professor in the Tulane University. And Darby was his student.
         The sadness that made him shock, his heart really heaved and really painful when the murder for the sake of the murder happened. Darby Shaw really regretted with himself because wrote document that contained the perpetrators in the murder of Justice Rosenberg and Jansen.
“but also the girl's statement, K.O. Callahan was killed, and now he was hiding in a place in New Orleans, the fear to see his shadow personally, appealed asked for help, and we were too busy. “A I regretted. ” (P. 213)
         From this analysis above explained that Darby in the sadness and heavy shock because she regretted for writing a document that was very dangerous for himself and currently brief that made the person – the near person  him was killed. Despite brief that was the cause of the Callahan killing, Gavin verheek and Garcia. Pelican Brief that he wrote was useful and succeeded in finding the person that was behind the murder.
“Brief that was useful, Gavin.” Lewis placed the hands to Gavin's shoulders, as though saying that the time has been finished and he was bored with the nonsense. ” Pg. 213

5.      Resolution
          After the case that in faced by Darby and several people who were involved in helping Darby in the case expression of this murder felt very relieved and did not worry again to go everywhere. Darby free to carry out the trip freely anywhere he went. His quotation as follows:
 “There had more beautiful rooms, for the moment, his room has been adequate enough. When leaving San Juan, he swore to stop visited behind. He has seen in the newspaper in Miami, and has witnessed the stir from a television in the Airport, and he knew that Mattiece already not. ” Pg. 610.
           From this quotation explained that Darby was free from various threats that until now made him the fear to show himself. And currently he did not see again behind to avoid a stab that will kill him.
“And now he finished the time together with gray Grantham and the two of them agreed to fall in love mutually. They walked without said anything; the day was increasingly dark. Darby has felt Darby was enough to hear this, and he then felt nauseated. The crescent moon shone, to rebound in calm water. Darby convolutes the hands around side Gray, and gray attracted him was closer. “ Pg.615
         And he tried to forget his sweetheart that really lovely him that is Thomas Callahan.

C.     SETTING

1.      Analysis Setting
           The setting is an environment where time and an event accurse. Included in this setting is the time, day, month, year, season or period of history such as war era, when the ceremonies and so forth.

a.      Setting the place
           In this novel “the Pelican brief”, there are several places where the occurrence of an event such as the Supreme Court building, White House, Tulane University in Georgetown, New Orleans a City where Darby writing the document (The Pelican Brief)
“the head of the supreme Court office is located on the main floor”
            Rosenberg’s house where he died, together with Frederick and Farguson killed by Khamel

b.      Setting time
           Khamel was a terrorist and he was involved in a variety of threats that appalling the world.
           In 1990 a sudden lunge for seventeen soldiers of Israel in the west Bank as the alleged act Khamel.
           Almost all experts intelligent sure that khamel is the brain behind the Pope’s murder trial in 1981.




















CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGESTION

A.    CONCLUSION
          After reading and analyzing the novel “The pelican Brief” the author can conclude as follows “

1.      In the novels of John Grisham’s, the  character has many active role in the story to end all of them are Abraham Rosenberg, Glenn Jansen, John Runyan, Darby Shaw, Thomas Callahan, K.O. Lewis, Mr. Sallinger, Khamel, Luke, Frederick, Sergeant Farguson, Fletcher Coal, Gminsky, Denton Voyles, Gray Grantham, Cleve, Sarge, Gavin Verheek, Garcia, Croft.

2.      This novel begins with the murder of two judges who are very famous magnificent conducted by a paid assassin is very clear in each action without leaving a single trace Rosenberg and Jansen is the murder victim.
The story in the novel is increasing and more complex when Darby writing the document and make Thomas Callahan and Gavin Verheek and several other murders.
Darby and Grantham investigated prove successful and that there is truth in the Pelican Brief and then loaded in news paper and tv stations.
Darby Shaw is sadness shake soul because she lost her sweetheart Thomas Callahan and Gavin Verheek and Garcia who want to help Darby.

3.      Setting in the novel is a setting where, among others, is White House, Georgetown, Campus of Tulane University, New Orleans.
Setting history among others in 1981 attempted murder of Pope and in 1990 ambush seventeen Israeli soldiers.

B.     Suggestion
           In the end of the writing of this thesis, the writer suggests as follows:
1.      The students were expected not only to read literary works for killing the time, but also they should try to comprehend the story and gain advantage from reading it.
2.      The writer suggests that the students, those who are interested in studying literature, they should increase their appreciation to literary work.

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